Analysis of Nokias Competitive Policies

Investigation of Nokias Competitive Policies Nokia’s Competitive Policies In Handset Industry in Asia Part 1. Presentation The advancement of innovation has modified our day by day life routine significantly. In ongoing 2 decades, individuals have seen the huge comfort brought by shading TVà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  telephone㠣â‚ ¬Ã¢  laptops㠣â‚ ¬Ã¢  cell phone and so forth. Among them, the commitment of cell phone is particularly unmistakable: given the combination of innovations of Internet, PC, and correspondence and so on, the little and attractive handset will empower us universal use of current multi-capacities. The benefit of 3G significantly further pulls in our psyches with brilliant creative mind. During the upgradation of our living style, we owe a ton to the organizations of the handset business, particularly those mainstream mammoths including Nokia, Motorola and Samsung. At the point when they change our living effectively, they understand their creating focuses too. For instance, as indicated by the Fortune Global 500 of every 2005, Nokia and Motorola positioned 130th and 138 respectively1. Therefore, they are perceived by the general public. It’s eccentric for an organization to accomplish incredible objectives without right systems to utilize. In the savage rivalry of handset industry in China, the right serious procedures are required for the member to win pieces of the overall industry. Clearly, some of the time the correct systems are hard for endurance. Nokia, as the no. 1 in the handset business of China, is positively the greatest champ through effort of right serious procedures. As is referenced over, the opposition in handset industry in China will turn out to be considerably increasingly fiercer alongside the rising pattern, for example, the appearance of 3G, the change of circulating channels, and the improved leval of mechanical centralization and so forth. So contenders ought to immediately embrace applicable changes of their serious procedures to adjust to new condition. This paper points first to break down the serious procedures previously utilized by Nokia 1 Accessed on Feb.23rd, 2007, The List of Fortune Global 500 of every 2005 http://brand.icxo.com/brand500/top500_1.htm During the advancement of Chinese handset industry. To affirm whether the serious methodologies are acurate, I use Porter’s 5 powers hypothesis as the casing to examine the variables, for example, Economies of scale, Product separation, Capital prerequisites, Cost detriments, free of size, Access to dispersion channels, Government arrangements, and Competitor’s Retaliation. Along these lines, the rationalities of Nokia’s serious procedures in Chinese handset industry might be confirmed. As per the incredible bunches of proof gathered from site papers and catena, new patterns of handset industry show up bit by bit. To get a handle on the future transition on piece of the pie and mechanical condition, it is vital for Nokia to stop from really developing. As a characteristic reaching out of the previously mentioned examination on serious techniques, this paper likewise clarifies the explanation causing the new mechanical pattern in Chinese handset industry and recommends the plausible systems Nokia may receive. As is notable, as per the Moore’s law, the chips of the handset is creating at a quick speed. Additionally, the handset is still affected by the fluky vanguard style. It is difficult to get by in the vacillate market, and avoid anything related to being driving organization in the business. I wish printed examination may profit the perusers to perceive the mechanical circumstance and use Nokia for reference. This content takes a sensible arrangement to examine the all out examination, so the sections are thus as follows: Introduction to Reportà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Introduction on Nokia Corporate㠣â‚ ¬Ã¢  The Mobile Handset Industryà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Industrial Analysis Using Porter’s 5 Forces Theories㠣â‚ ¬Ã¢  Analysis on Nokia’s Competitive Strategiesà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Evolution of Nokia’s Competitive Strategies and Conclusion. The substance of every part surrounds its name, and the definite conversation will be conveyed in the accompanying section. Section 2. Presentation on Nokia Corporate With several years’ advancement, Nokia has effectively understood its industry change inside the overall range, and steadily settled its driving situation in the handset business in China just as in other territory of all the world. The entire experience is loaded with incredible shading, as is presented as follows: Area 1. Nokia’s Developing History 1à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Brief Review on Nokia’s History As indicated by the presentation from Nokia’s life account, the foundations of Nokia return to the year 1865 with the foundation of a timberland industry undertaking in Southwestern Finland by mining engineer Fredrik Idestam. Other relative occasions were the establishment of Finnish Rubber Works Ltd in 1898 and in 1912 Finnish Cable Works started tasks. Following quite a while of activity, the three organizations were converged to shape Nokia Corporation in 1967. The universes first global cell phone arrange, NMT, was presented in Scandinavia in 1981 and Nokia made the main vehicle telephones for it. Toward the start of the 1980s, Nokia fortified its situation in the broadcast communications and purchaser hardware advertises through the acquisitions of Mobira, Salora, Televa and Luxor of Sweden. In 1987, Nokia gained the purchaser gadgets tasks and part of the segment business of the German Standard Elektrik Lorenz, just as the French shopper hardware organization Oceanic. In 1987, Nokia likewise bought the Swiss link apparatus organization Maillefer. In the late 1980s, Nokia turned into the biggest Scandinavian data innovation organization through the procurement of Ericssons information frameworks division. In 1989, Nokia led a noteworthy development of its link industry into Continental Europe by obtaining the Dutch link organization NKF. In 1992, Jorma Ollila turned into the CEO of whole Nokia Group, who settled on a vital choice to focus exclusively on broadcast communications in the coming Digital Age. In this way, during the remainder of the 1990s, Nokia kept on stripping itself of the entirety of its non-media communications divisions. This key move united the establishment for Nokia to turn into an overall celebrated driving organization in telecom industry.2 2à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Nokia’s Performance in Recent Years After the key move in 1990s, Nokia has built up its driving situation in the worldwide media transmission showcase. Each business thing, particularly cell phone thing, has shown rapid of improvement from that point forward. At present, Nokia involves four primary business gatherings: portable handsets, sight and sound, venture arrangements, and systems. Among them, the portable handset is the column business for whole gathering activity. As indicated by yearly report of 2005, Nokiaâ's net deals showed up at EUR 34 191 million3, understanding an expansion pace of 12.56% when contrasted and EUR 30376 million of every 20004. Among the all out net deals, deals of cell phones came to EUR 20811 million, possessing 60.87% of the all out net deals. In 1992, the portable handset business just record for 20% of the all out deals of whole gathering. Nokiaâ's working benefit for 2005 came to EUR 4 639 million, speaking to a 2005 working edge of 13.6%, and Operating benefit in versatile handsets diminished 5% to EUR 3 598 million (working benefit of EUR 3 786 million out of 20045), speaking to a 2005 working edge of 2 Accessed on Feb.23rd, 2007, The History of Nokia 1865-2002, http://r2.nokia.com/nokiahistory/index.html 3 Accessed on Feb. 23rd, 2007, Key information of Nokia http://www.nokia.com/link?cid=EDITORIAL_4026 4 Accessed on Feb. 23rd, 2007, Annual Information 2000, http://www.nokia.com/A4126501 5 Accessed on Feb. 23rd, 2007, Annual Information 2004, http://www.nokia.com/A4126497 17.3%. Be that as it may, in examination with the EUR 83 million out of 19926, the working benefit of portable handset in 2005 speaks to in excess of multiple times increment. As is perceived by the worldwide purchasers, Nokia brand was positioned sixteenth among The World 500 Most Influential Brands in 2005 by the World Brand Lab. As per the Fortune Global 500 of every 2005, Nokia bunch positioned 130th and spoke to no. 1 among the Industry of Network and Other Communications Equipment, taking a position higher than some other contenders. From the part of versatile handset, till Sept. 2006, Nokia catches 35.1% of the worldwide market. As indicated by the Gartner foundation, Motorola was in runner up, with piece of the overall industry of 20.6%, and Samsung of South Korea saw a lot of the world market tumble to 12.2 % from 12.5 in second from last quarter 2005. 7 Clearly, Nokia has immovably settled its driving situation in its industry and has become the universes driving supplier of cell phones. Segment 2. Nokia’s Development in China The year Nokia exchanged with China can be followed back to 1950s. Also, later, until 1985, Nokia opened its first branch in Beijing to start its advancement of beginning time in China. In 1995, Nokia set its joint endeavor in China to create huge size of GSM framework hardware. At that point, in 1997, Nokia convey China the first GSM 1800 system. Before long later, in 2000, Nokia fired up the Chinese GPRS organize that is initial one good with most current business 6 Martti Haikio (2003) NOKIA THE INSIDE STORY. Distributed by Edita Publishing Ltd and Nokia Oyj, Copyright 2002, Chinese Edition First Printed in Sept. 2003. pp.272-273. 7 Accessed on Feb. 23rd, 2007, Nokia is top cell phone creator for Q3-Gartner, Nov. 23,2006 http://telecomasia.net/article.php?id_article=2793 principles in the world.8 In 2001, Nokia welcomed its primary worldwide accomplices including basically equipment suppliers to put about RMB 10 billion together in Star Net Industry District so as to shape coordinated creation capacities and to diminish cost.9 During 2003, Nokia discharged 15 styles of handsets and positioned no.1 of the GSM versatile handset. As is reporte

Writing News Stories for the Web

Composing News Stories for the Web Journalism’s future is unmistakably on the web, so it’s significant for any hopeful writer to get familiar with the nuts and bolts of composing for the web. Newswriting and web composing are comparative from numerous points of view, so if you’ve done reports, figuring out how to compose for the web shouldn’t be hard. Here are a few hints: Keep It Short Perusing from a PC screen is more slow than perusing from a paper. So if news stories should be short, online stories should be much shorter. A general dependable guideline: web substance ought to have about half the same number of words as its printed identical. So keep your sentences short and limit yourself to one primary thought for each section. Short sections only a sentence or two each-look less forcing on a page. Split It Up On the off chance that you do have an article that’s on the longish side, don’t attempt to pack it onto one website page. Split it up into a few pages, utilizing an obviously noticeable â€Å"continued on next page† interface at the base. Write in the Active Voice Recall the Subject-Verb-Object model from newswriting. Use it for web composing too. S-V-O sentences written in the dynamic voice will in general be short and to the point. Utilize the Inverted Pyramid Sum up the central matter of your article directly toward the beginning, similarly as you would in the lede of a report. Put the most significant data in the top portion of your article, the less significant stuff in the base half. Feature Key Words Use boldface content to feature particularly significant words and expressions. However, utilize this sparingly; on the off chance that you feature an excess of content, nothing will stick out. Use Bulleted and Numbered Lists This is another method of featuring significant data and separating lumps of content that might be getting excessively long. Use Subheads Subheads are another approach to feature focuses and separate content into easy to understand lumps. In any case, keep your subheads clear and useful, not â€Å"cute.† Use Hyperlinks Wisely Use hyperlinks to associate surfers to other site pages that are identified with your article. In any case, use hyperlinks just when required; on the off chance that you can sum up the data concisely without connecting somewhere else, do as such.

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week Which MBA Program Produces the Most Consultants

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week Which MBA Program Produces the Most Consultants Although quantifying a school’s profile certainly does not tell you everything, it can sometimes be helpful in simplifying the many differences between the various MBA programs. Each week, we bring you a chart to help you decide which of the schools’ strengths speak to you. Business school may be the decisive factor in advancing your career as a consultant. The typical consulting firmâ€"such as McKinsey Company, BCG, and Bain Companyâ€"has an analyst/associate structure similar to that of financial services firms. More often than not, consultants must first earn an MBA to move into higher-level associate positions, and virtually anyone seeking to transition into the industry at the associate level requires the educational and recruiting resources afforded by business school. But how do you decide which program is your best bet? One initial factor to consider is the percentage of the graduating class that enters the industry each year. Although consulting tends to be a popular industry across all programs, looking at this data point may provide a rough idea of which schools are most successful at placing their MBAs. At the top, Kellogg places nearly 40% of its class into positions within the consulting industry each year, and even though UCLA Anderson sends the fewest graduates into this field of all the top-ranked programs, consulting still accounted for 18% of its job placements in 2012. Available career specializations, case studies, hands-on project opportunities, consulting competitions and extracurricular offerings are all important considerations in researching programs.  In addition, you may want to find out where the top firms are recruiting, especially if you aspire to join a specific company. For an in-depth look at consulting and other career specializations at the top-ranked business schools, check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet B-School Charts

Oppression and Gender Roles in Pre-War African American Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1823 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Gender Roles Essay Did you like this example? African American history leading up to the Civil War, and beyond, is most commonly identified by its reaction to oppression from the nations white majority. This relationship caused gender roles in African American society to be formed in a similarly reactionary way; the way African American men and women acted in every part of society was a direct response to the way they were treated in society. Therefore, white oppression of both enslaved and free African Americans formed the gender roles in African American society because racism set free African American women apart from the womens rights movement, gender identities in enslaved societies were intentionally confused by the masters for both African American men and women, and white perceptions of African American men and women became intentionally offensive in order to justify further oppression.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Oppression and Gender Roles in Pre-War African American Society" essay for you Create order During the pre-war period, many abolitionist groups were beginning with the purpose of opposing slavery; many were formed by white women, but African American women were excluded from those groups. The most popular example of female abolitionists during this time tends to be the famed Grimke sisters, seen as pioneers of abolition and often credited as the first American women to lecture in public; though this is not true, as Maria Stewart, a free African American woman who wrote for the Liberator, lectured before them, in fact, according to Jone John Lewis, we know of no other American-born [female] public lecturer before Maria Stewart. Maria Stewarts existence and persistence as a lecturer proves that African American women were a part of the liberation movement, and the credit given to white women indicates that African American women arent commonly acknowledged as having a role in abolition. This assertion is also supported by the works of Sojourner Truth, such as in her speech A int I a Woman? which pointed out the disparity between white and African American women in terms of treatment and acceptance, and proclaimed If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again! Such biblical arguments were common for the time, and became the basis for moral arguments against racism. This position in society in which African American women found themselves was very different from their position in the family unit; in free African American society, men and women were equal in the household, meaning marriage was much more of a partnership than in white society. This relationship stemmed from both African American men and women facing injustice and oppression, and with both the husband and the wife needing to work to provide for their family it made sense for such a partnership to exist, which contrasted with many white families where women either couldnt or didnt need to work. A good example of the equality found in this relationship would be from Elizabeth Keckleys account on her life; her husband became a burden on her and she informed him that since he persisted in dissipation [they needed to] separate. Her initiative in being able to leave her husband was uncommon for women at the time, and indicates that free African American women had a lot of power in their marriages. This equality in responsibility is echoed by Frederick Douglass, who once stated I belong to the women, in reference to how much female thinkers guided him, and saw themselves as engaged in the same questions as him. Equality in the home between free African American me n and women was a response to white oppression, as was African American activism being inclusive of men and women. Going back to Lewis, Maria Stewart became connected with the work of abolitionist publisher William Lloyd Garrison when he advertised for writings by black women, which indicates that the principle abolitionist movement gave more of a voice to free black women. The role of African American women in free society was created as a response to oppression from the white majority, and it tended to be one of similar stature to free African American men. The dynamic in enslaved society was not as promising a picture as that of free African American society; sexual abuse was rampant, and little power was in the hands of the enslaved. The dynamic between the slavers and the enslaved is best illustrated in Solomon Northups Twelve Years a Slave, with the dynamic between the slave girl Patsy, the master of the plantation Edwin Epps, and the Eppss wife; Northup explained that her abuse was because it had fallen to her to be the slave of a licentious master and a jealous mistress. Epps was sexually abusive of Patsy, Mrs. Epps was angry at her husband who raped and abused one of his slaves so she took out her anger on the slave who had no choice but to take abuse from both; this was a very common dynamic in the plantation South. Stephanie Camp, in her book Closer to Freedom, quotes the Reverend Ishrael Massie from an in interview out of the 1930s, who, talking about the high frequency of white abusers of slave women, said, I call em suckers- feel like saying something else but Ill spec ya, honey. Lord, chile, day wuz common. There were two reasons behind this abuse; the first, and most obvious, was the more lustful reason, and the second was to mentally break a slave by taking the right to their body away from them. Camp explains the root of taking away slaves ownership of themselves by how [planters] often referred to them by their parts: hands was a common term, and heads was not unfamiliar, and by identifying them as one with their farm tools and called, simply, hoes. Calling enslaved women by the names of their body parts and tools weakened the differentiation between them and the tools with which they worked, and furthered enslaved women from their captors. But this use of enslaved women as sex objects went far beyond the rape of workers, it extended into the domestic slave trade, and became nothing better than a means of sex trafficking. Edward E. Baptist, in his essay Cuffy, Fancy Maids, and One-Eyed Men: Rape, Commodification, and the Domestic Slave Trade in the United States, described a corresp ondence between two slave traders in Louisiana who operated a slave trading business, in this correspondence they mention a fancy maid, which refers to an enslaved woman traded to be used for a masters sexual pleasures, the business was a slave-trading partnership, and systematic rape and sexual abuse of slave women were part of the normal practice of the men who ran the firm. The sale of enslaved women as sex objects along with enslaved women being called by the names of their body parts or tools are proof that slave owners viewed slaves entirely as objects, with little regard for their humanity. But enslaved women had strategies to fight back against these practices, and one that directly contradicted the tool label was the use of secret, slave-organized parties. At these parties, enslaved women would dance in an act of self-liberation, in fact, [consistent] with African kinesic morality, slave dancers commonly rejected embracing as immodest and even indecent. This way of freely practicing sexuality without being forced to by masters was a way of regaining control over ones body, and it allowed enslaved women to rediscover their humanity in the face of being called tools. Enslaved men faced similar hardships on the plantation, though the rape of enslaved men was far less common than the rape of enslaved women, enslaved men would often be forced to rape b lack women at gunpoint, this served the dual purposes of natural reproduction and emasculating enslaved men. Enslaved men were also emasculated through their clothes; slave children were only given one yard of rough spun fabric, or just enough to make a small shift or gown for an average-sized child. Enslaved boys didnt get to wear pants of any kind, in fact enslaved children, both male and female, wore simple gowns throughout much of childhood. Boys wore these garments until they were old enough to be breeched, or given their first pair of breeches, or short pants, usually between the ages of five and ten. This was a way of confusing growing boys about their gender from a young age, being forced to wear the same clothes as growing girls meant that enslaved boys wouldnt as easily be able to form their own gender identity as easily, which was another form of emasculating young enslaved men. Enslaved men would be frustrated by their position and their emasculation, which often meant that [some] enslaved men were not above exploiting the positions of relative power that they sometimes enjoyed, and enslaved men who acted as overseers were known to abuse enslaved women likely to relieve some of that frustration. This tenuous relationship between enslaved men and women would be teste d in marriage, where enslaved women often played central roles in the black family. The disproportionate sale of men into the slave trade resulted in many female-headed families throughout the antebellum South, which is how white oppression made the enslaved the head of the family. Enslaved families couldnt count on having a father that would remain with them because of the high likelihood of separation, which is why the slave family as an institution adapted to, even as it was ravaged by, personal loss. With as much sexual abuse as female slaves were known to face, it was a matter of necessity to survive by any means possible for ones own family; this is what built the black woman in enslaved society, survival for family. With all these atrocities committed, the question must be asked; how could a people commit such horrific acts and justify them? Many practices were justified through stereotypes that, at times, made African Americans out to be sub-human, and, at their worst, made African Americans out to be dangerous and malicious. These stereotypes started early with the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade; views on African women were used to justify their harsh treatment and rape using representations of African bodies as inherently laboring ones lacking any hint of sexuality. This became a justification for the forced labor of Africans, as, to Europeans, Africans were fit â€Å" naturally fit â€Å" for demanding agricultural and reproductive labor on the plantations in the Americas. These stereotypes would manifest into caricatures around the antebellum period; many would be created and associated with the Jim Crow caricature, the first blackface character created by one Thomas Dartmouth Daddy Rice. Ri ce took a song from a black person who happened to be singing about Jim Crow, and in 1828 Rice appeared on stage as Jim Crow an exaggerated, highly stereotypical black character. Jim Crow portrayed African Americans as lazy, dumb, and subservient, which became another justification for slavery and later Jim Crow laws, other caricatures would follow.

Homeschool Classifieds - Where to Buy Used Curriculum

Alcohol and Teen Drinking Essay - 2212 Words

Alcohol use among American teenagers is a problem of epidemic proportions. Alcohol is a drug -- the drug of choice of adolescents and adults. Abuse of this drug Is responsible for death and injury in automobile accidents, physical and emotional disability, loss of productivity amounting to millions of dollars annually, deterioration of academic performance, aggressive and disruptive behavior causing problems with family and friends, and individual financial ruin. It also is the primary cause of criminal behavior and a leading cause of broken homes. Despite the problems caused to young and old by alcohol, society sends a mixed signal to its youth. The media presents beer drinking with peers as not only acceptable but almost mandatory†¦show more content†¦While most adults drink occasionally, about 30% of adults don’t drink at all. Of those who do drink, 10% account for the 50% of the alcoholic beverages consumed (Youcha 1978) . For some groups the ideal drinking behavior is not drinking at all; for other groups moderate or infrequent drinking behavior is acceptable; for still other groups occasional heavy drinking or even frequent heavy drinking is permissible. The media bombard the American public, particularly its young people, with the acceptability of alcoholic beverages in adult society. A report by the Scientific Analysis Corporation examined portrayal of drinking practices on television. The study showed that alcoholic beverages were the most frequently used drinks by television characters. In 225 programs 701 alcoholic drinking acts were recorded, compared to second-place tea and coffee drinking recorded in 329 cases (Royce 1981) . Television characters seldom drank water or soft drinks. Furthermore, many of the references to alcohol in the scripts were of humorous nature. These findings should be brought to the attention of the teenagers in order to help them sort out the realities of alcohol consumption from the make-believe world of television. Drinking is viewed as an adult behavior in our society. It is promoted as a rite of passage from adolescence to adulthood. The age when young people areShow MoreRelatedAlcohol and Teen Drinking Essay552 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to Men’s Health, â€Å"alcohol kills more teenagers and young people than any of the other drugs taken to affect mood and behavior (heroin, cocaine, marijuana).† This issue interests me due to the many friends I have who drink overwhelmingly. Also, I have so many cousins that are younger than me that I am concerned about with this issue. There are many reasons to why teens may drink, not all of which are reasonable but is the truth, from what I know. Teen drinking can also result in very manyRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol And Teen Drinking1069 Words   |  5 PagesDryden-Edwards (2), teenage drinking is widespread, and teenagers believe that it is acceptable. But, teenagers’ bodies are still developing. They fail to realize that consuming alcohol places them in danger  for numerous issues.   Consuming alcohol is more widespread among teenagers than most realize. Alcohol and Teen Drinking (1) reports that three-fourths of seniors,  a little over two-thirds of Sophomores, and two out of five 8th graders have experimented with alcohol. With rising statistical informationRead MoreEssay on Alcohol and Teens: The Effects of Teenage Drinking1520 Words   |  7 Pages When at a party, a student sees another teenager drinking a beer. Thinking nothing of it, the teenager picks up a large bottle labeled Vodka and beings to chug the contents of the bottle. The alcohol rushes through her body and she suddenly has a sense of feeling free and letting loose. The next thing the teenage girl remembers is waking up in a hospital bed to her mother crying by her bed side. The only thing her mom could say was â€Å"Honey, please wake up. Please be okay, I want you to beRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Treatment: How To Han dle Teen Drinking. An1967 Words   |  8 PagesAlcohol Abuse Treatment: How To Handle Teen Drinking An estimated 10 million underage drinkers were reported by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services in 2010. Although the number of underage drinkers has gone down over the past years, still there are millions of teenagers who have been regular alcohol drinkers in the United States. Among the 10 million underage drinkers, 2 million were heavy drinkers. This surely can be very alarming considering how it is likely that these teenagers areRead MoreAlcohol And Teens : Should The U.s. Lower Or Rise It s Drinking Age?1031 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol and Teens: Should the U.S. Lower or Rise It’s Drinking Age? Alcohol is a depressant. It slows down the activity of the central nervous system, including the brain. A debate amongst our nation has been â€Å"Should the minimum drinking age be lower than 21?† I personally do not think so. Even though at age 18 you are technically an adult and responsible for your own actions, I do not think the legal alcohol consumption age should be lowered because it causes health risks, bad decisions, and endangersRead MoreLowering The Alcohol Drinking Age1602 Words   |  7 Pages Lowering The Alcohol Drinking Age Now a day’s teens that are under the age of twenty-one are out in trouble and drinking. They know that they are not old enough to drink and that is what makes them want to drink even more. Teens drink when they are not suppose to, but they know that when they drink, they must stay out of trouble. Lowering the alcohol drinking age will keep a bunch of teens out of trouble. If teens can stay safe while drinking then they should allow eighteen year olds to drinkRead MoreLargest Number of Consumers of Alcohol in the United States are Teenages556 Words   |  3 Pages Alcohol is the most universally used and abused drug in the United States. An issue that continues to rise in today’s public health is alcohol use. Consuming alcohol in excessive amounts is not only a problem in the United States but worldwide as well. The largest number of consumers is teenagers. During this period of development, teens are faced with a multitude of pressures whether it’s trying to m aintain good grades in school or perform well in sports. Teens may also be influenced by variousRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1599 Words   |  7 Pagestopic that has gone on for many years is whether the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen years old, as opposed to where it is now, at twenty one. Some argue that at age eighteen, a person is legally an adult and able to go to war, vote, and partake in other adult activities. If they are an adult at this age, why are they unable to legally drink alcohol? There are numerous reasons why drinking is unsafe for those under twenty one. The drinking age is set at age twenty one for a reason, and shouldRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Is A Problem Striking The People Of America910 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol abuse is a problem striking the people of America. There are more than twelve million alcoholics in America, and the numbers only continue to increase. All Americans spend a total of about one hundred ninety-seven million do llars on alcohol in one day! It has gotten so bad that now even adolescents as young as thirteen begin to drink. Disconcertingly, every thirty minutes a person dies from an alcohol related incident. Alcohol has become the number one drug problem in all of America. In factRead MoreResearch Paper Drinking Age1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe legal drinking age refers to the youngest age at which a person is legally allowed to buy and consumes alcoholic beverages. The drinking age varies from country to country. Here in the United States the legal drinking age is twenty-one. There has been much debate on whether the drinking age in the United States should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen. People in favor of keeping the drinking age at twenty-one believe that there will be less alcohol related injuries and deaths from

Psychology of Interpersonal Communication

Question: Discuss about thePsychology of Interpersonal Communication. Answer: Introduction Interpersonal communication is a process of communication and interaction with people with exchange of information and thoughts. Interpersonal communication could be verbal as well as non-verbal. The process of interpersonal communication could be made effective by the incorporation of theories such as impression formation theory, predictive outcome value theory, and intercultural communication theory. Intercultural Communication Theory I have chosen intercultural communication as a way of improving interpersonal communication and perception. Intercultural communication is referred to as interpersonal communication across the people belonging to various cultural and social groups (Neuliep, 2014). While I engage in interpersonal communication, I ensure that the interpersonal communication theory is properly abided by. The intercultural communication theory ensures that while communication is continued, the culture and ethnicity of the person with whom the communication is taking place is maintained. I need to keep in mind the cultural differences while interpersonal communication. People belonging to a different culture might have a different perception about a particular topic. Clarity in communication has to be maintained by me while interpersonal communication is done. The customs that are followed by people of different culture has to be respected by me. The customs that I follow should also be clearly conveyed t o the person with whom I communicate, in order to avoid miscommunication and misinterpretation. Miscommunication Due to Intercultural Communication Intercultural communication might give rise to miscommunication. The miscommunication that I have faced while intercultural interpersonal communication are as follows: Assumptions of similarities: I often have the perception that there are certain similarities in behaviour and customs even with intercultural differences. However, this assumption made by me is incorrect and hence gives rise to misinterpretations. Differences in language: The language difference is also an issue in intercultural communication. The spoken language as well as the tone of communication is different in various cultures. This difference in language and tone has to be identified by me, and ensure that I do not engage in misunderstandings, due to the difference in language (Wood, 2015). In my opinion, I feel that intercultural communication is effectively maintained in interpersonal communication with the understanding of various cultures and cultural differences as well as with tolerance for each others culture. Intercultural communication is important as I got to know the culture of various people, along with developing tolerance and respect for people with different customs, food habit, ethnicity, culture, religion and even nationality. References Neuliep, J. W. (2014).Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. Wood, J. T. (2015).Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters. Nelson Education

Slave Trade free essay sample

The slave trade was conducted by the Europeans in order to raise their profit of sugar plantation, and they cornered Africans into a harsh situation during and after the voyage. From the early 1 asss to the early 1 asss, the Europeans increasingly bought slaves from Africans who needed weapons and other food supplies for their ongoing wars. To maximize the profit, the captains of slave ships wanted to carry as many healthy slaves for as little cost as possible by choosing either a loose or a tight packing system. From the 1 COOS to the mid 1 odds about 12 million black slaves were shipped from Africa to the Western World, enduring brutal and crowded conditions which caused the slaves to have a horror of death and diseases. Approximately 2 million blacks died during the journey, about 65 percent of them were transported to sugar colonies like Brazil and Cuba, and about 6 percent of the black slaves were sent to North America. We will write a custom essay sample on Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Slavery became widespread in South America as well as in other sugar colonies.Slaves in Latin America were maltreated since the welfare laws that were enacted to protect the slaves were poorly enforced. However, slaves in the united States generally had a utter life than those in South America, even though slavery there was also as cruel as it was in Latin America. All in all, Africans had to suffer from inhumane conditions without the protection of laws on the way to America and after the long voyage, just for the sake of the white peoples profit. Part 2: Why was so indifferent to the agony of people who were discriminated against even though I myself am a visible minority?This was the first question that popped into my mind after the last groups presentation. To be honest, have always had a horror of being discriminated against by racists. However, I only cared about my own problem. I was completely ignorant about other people who were maltreated and their miserable history. This topic, the history of African slaves, would not interest me at all unless I had the opportunity to learn about it in class. Therefore, there were many new facts did not know before doing this activity since my understanding of slavery was only superficial.One new fact was that the slave trade had been conducted since ancient times. Another new fact was that the majority of black slaves worked on sugar plantation. I could also learn about the Bureau of refugee and abandoned lands, which helped the African slaves resettle by offering hem food and other supplies and setting up hospitals and schools. Other than these three facts mentioned above, found it interesting that Harriet Tuba, a well-known leader who aided African slaves to escape, was once a slave herself.The reason why was impressed by her was that she never gave up helping people live better lives despite her condition of being a female slave. She escaped from slavery and escorted slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad. Not only that, she raised money to educate black people, assisted the elderly and the needy African Americans, and contributed to the improvements in the rights of women. Her story taught me a lesson that can overcome any obstacle and do something for people around me as long as I do not give up. Thanks to the efforts of people like Harriet Tuba, slavery could be banned. Abolition of slavery played a significant role in actualization the principle of equal treatment of persons irrespective of not only races but also gender and religion. It has had a positive impact on society in that people started to understand it was important to support and respect diversity. However, think other forms of discrimination still remain: age, appearance, social standing, sexual orientation, intelligence, ethnicity, and so on. Furthermore, even now, there are people who suffer from a similar type of treatment as Africans did.For example, North Korean defectors who are repatriated to their country are enduring a tough life. They are segregated from other people and work like slaves since they were sentenced to do forced labor for the rest of their lives. This is because they have different political views and had tried to escape from North Korea. If they violate the rules made by the Communist party, they are at a risk of execution. In my opinion, it is time for us to give people ho are discriminated against continued interests.Discriminated people are all people like us, and there is no reason for them to be treated like that. We have the words to change our society and the power to rewrite our history. To let the world know about these people and to raise awareness, we can start from a little thing such as joining a school social justice club. As Mahatma Gandhi said, The only difference be;en man and man all the world over is one of degree, and not of kind, even as there is between trees of the same species. Where in is the cause for anger, envy or discrimination? Slave Trade free essay sample Colonialism and Imperialism are one of the core foundations of the Atlantic Trade System that occurred between the 14th and 19th centuries. Colonialism is the process of a group of external settlers, in this case settling in Africa and claiming the land for their own. Colonialism is the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people. Colonialism refers to the set of practices and policies implemented by the imperial agents to obtain and maintain control, stability, economic objectives, and social engineering in the constituent polities of the imperial periphery. G. 12) Imperialism is a policy of extending control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial conquest or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries. Most subsequent definitions Of imperialism agree that it refers to an ideology or set Of doctrines, that it implies domination that it reflects international affairs, and it involves actions and ideas in support of expansionism and the maintenance of empire. We will write a custom essay sample on Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Peg. 7 Modern Imperialism and Colonialism).Imperialism and alongside facilitated both the general and the regional effects of the sugar revolution, while at the same time the sugar revolution helped to shape the direction of imperialism and colonialism in new ways. The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade took place across the Atlantic Ocean from the 16th through to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of slaves transported to the New World were Africans from the central and western parts of the continent, sold by Africans to European slave traders who then transported them to North and South America.The numbers were so great that Africans who name by way of the slave trade became the most numerous Old-World immigrants in both North and South America before the late eighteenth century. The Portuguese were the first to engage in the New World slave trade, and others soon followed. Slaves were considered cargo by the ship owners, to be transported to the Americas as quickly and cheaply as possible, there to be sold to labor in coffee, tobacco, cocoa, cotton and sugar plantations, gold and silver mines, rice fields, construction industry, cutting timber for ships, and as house servants.The Triangular Trade is a route to chive slaves . It got its name from the three routes that formed a triangle. The first route carried fish, lumber, and other goods from New England to the West Indies. In the West Indies they picked up sugar and molasses which is a dark brown syrup product made from sugar cane. This was used to makes rum. From the West Indies merchants carried the rum, along with guns, gunpowder, and tools to West Africa. Here, they traded these items for slaves; they carried the slaves to the West Indies where they were sold.Traders would take the profits and buy more molasses. The transportation of black Africans to the Americas was known as the Middle passage because it was the middle leg of the Triangular Trade route used by the European merchants. The slaves were treated so harshly that some of them din t make it to the West Indies. Traders were so greedy that they wanted to bring as many slaves as possible. The slaves were chained and crammed together below the deck. There was hardly any sitting room or standing room. The slaves even have fresh air.The air was so stifling that some suffocated to death. Others tried to starve themselves to death or jump over board. Most died from diseases. Aloud Equation vividly recounts the shock and isolation that he felt during the Middle Passage to Barbados and his fear that the European slavers would eat him. Soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered me eatables and on my refusing to eat, one of them held me fast by the hands and laid me across the windlass and tied my feet while the other flogged me severely. Had never experienced anything of this kind before.If I could have gotten over the nettings, would have jumped over the side, but I could not. The crew used to watch very closely those of us who were not chained down to the decks, lest we should leap into the water. I have seen some of these poor African prisoners most severely cut for attempting to do so, and hourly whipped for not eating. (Narrative 3) Slaves were mainly transported to work on plantations and work hard labor all year long. The sugar revolution and the Atlantic Slave Trade led to about 2. 5 million slaves being transported to the new world.As the result of the Atlantic plantation colonies, sugar had been exported to Europe as a luxury item since the last four decades on the fifteenth century. Sugar was very popular at the time and was used for many other resources such as medicines, sugar sculptures and tea. In 1550, only he rich could afford sugar and it was a luxury. By 1 750, the poorest farmers wife took sugar in her tea. With the mass production of imported sugar from the Caribbean, by 1800, 18 lbs. Of sugar per person was being consumed per year. 86) By 1 600 approximately 30,000 African slaves labored in Brazil. More slaves were imported to Brazil than any other locations in the Americas. The particular needs of sugar production help explain in the need for such vast quantities of labor in Brazil. Once planted, the first crop takes between 15 and 18 months to mature, after which the 10;foot stalks are cut back for harvest. African slaves were to work in harsh conditions with little food under the hot beaming sun. The sugar stalks takes nine months to grow back. 91 ) The British had a huge success obtaining huge amounts of profits the Atlantic Slave trade and with the middle passage. Spain obtained gold and a large amount of money and so, everyone wanted a piece. Imperialism was the motivation for more. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, mercantilism was the dominant economic theory guiding most European states. Itself a symptom of the increasing competition in Europe, mercantilism s a set of theories preached that nations competed against each other in the economic as well at the political realm. 79) The waging of war against an enemy had already begun, warfare. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, such theft was authorized and supported by Spains rivals as legitimate tool of the state. What Spain saw as blatant piracy, its rivals saw as an acceptable means by which undermine the power of the Spanish Empire. These thieves were known as corsairs or privateers. As corsairs, civilians were granted licenses to plunder any and all Spanish shipping on the seas, opposed in retaliation for Spanish acts of war on land. (peg. 0) These pass events are extremely important because it molded our future. Things wouldve been very different if slaves were never captured and put to work hard labor in the sugar plantations. Europeans would have never produced crops or gain money from them. Sugar wouldnt have been so popular and maybe consume less. Europe would have not made massive amounts of money and profits they made from the slaves and the cash crops in the Caribbean. If slaves were never taken in the first place, maybe Africa wouldnt have been in such poverty this modern day. Slave Trade free essay sample Some West Africans mined gold, salt, iron, copper or even diamonds. African art was primarily religious, and each community had artisans skilled at producing works that would please the tribal gods. The center of African life in ancient and modern times is the family. Since Africans consider all individuals who can trace roots to a common ancestor, this family often comprised hundreds of members. Like Native American tribes, there is tremendous diversity among the peoples of West Africa. Some traced their heritage through the fathers bloodline, some wrought the mothers. Some were democratic, while others had a strong ruler. Most African tribes had a noble class, and slavery in Africa predates the written record. The slavery known to Africans prior to European contact did not involve a belief in inferiority of the slaves. Most slaves in West Africa were captured in war. Although legally considered property, most African slaves were treated as family members. We will write a custom essay sample on Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their children could not be bought or sold. Many achieved high honors in their communities, and freedom by manumission was not uncommon. Plantation slavery was virtually unknown on the African continent. The impending slave trade brings ruin to West Africa. Entire villages disappear. Guns and alcohol spread across the continent. Tribes turn against other tribes as the once-fabled empires fade into history. The Diaspora of African peoples around the world had begun. Two by two the men and women were forced beneath deck into the bowels of the slave ship. The packing was done as efficiently as possible. The captives lay down on unfinished planking with virtually no room to move or breathe.Some will die of disease, some of starvation, and some simply of despair. This was the fate of millions of West Africans across three and a half centuries of the slave trade on the voyage known as the middle passage. I Slaves were fed twice daily and some captains made vain attempts to clean the hold at this time. Air holes were cut into the deck to allow the slaves breathing air, but these were closed in stormy conditions. The bodies of the dead were simply thrust overboard. Upon reaching the West Indies, the slaves were fed and cleaned in the hopes Of bringing a high price on the block.Those that could not be sold were left for dead. The slaves were then transported to their final destination. It was in this unspeakable manner that between ten and twenty million Africans were introduced to the New World. When immigrants reach a new land, their old ways die hard. This has been the case with most immigrant groups to the New World. The language, customs, values, religious beliefs, and artistic forms they bring across the Atlantic are reshaped by the new realities of America and, in turn, add to its fabric. The rich traditions ofAfrica combined with the British colonial experience created a new ethnicity the African American. Much controversy arises when attempts are made to determine what African traditions have survived in the New World. Hundreds of words, such as banjo and okra are part of American discourse. Song and dance traditions comparable to African custom were commonly seen in the American South. Much of African history is known through oral tradition. Folk tales passed down through the generations on the African continent were similarly dispatched in African American communities.Many devout British colonists saw conversion of slaves to Christianity as a divine duty. Consequently, the Christian religion was widely adopted by slaves. The practice of Christianity by slaves differed from white Christians. The religious beliefs Of many African tribes merged with elements Of Christianity to form voodoo. There were many changes throughout Africa and even America that were caused by slave trade. Today, American students are taught most of the positive effects towards the English, but they dont tell us about the horrible effects slave trade had on Africans.

Preparetion of salt Essay Example

Preparetion of salt Essay Example Preparetion of salt Paper Preparetion of salt Paper 1. INSOLUBLE SALTSSoluble salt 1(aq) + soluble salt 2(aq) insoluble salt + soluble salt (aq)acid 1(aq) acid 2(aq)Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4(g) PbSO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)Pb2+(aq) + SO2-4(aq) PbSO4To prepare a salt, you should firstly thoroughly mix the solution, then you should filter it to remove any precipitate. Next, you should, wash with distilled water and finally leave to dry in the oven.2. SOLUBLE SALTSa. Filtrationi. acid + base salt + waterH2SO4(aq) + CuO(s) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)H2SO4(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l)ii. acid + insoluble metal carbonate salt + water + carbon dioxideH2SO4(aq) + CuCO3(s) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)iii. acid + reaction metal salt + hydrogenH2SO4(aq) + Mg(s) MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)The base or the metal carbonate must be insoluble so that we can remove the excess through the method of filtration. The metals that we can use must react with acids but must not react with water as this would contaminate the salt with metal hydroxide. The metals that we can use are:Mag nesium (Mg)Aluminium (Al)Zinc (Zn)Iron (Fe)We firstly measure approximately 25cm3 of sulphuric acid, by pouring it into a beaker. This only occurs in case i and not in cases ii and iii. Next we heat up the acid until it is virtually boiling. In all cases, we add the solid until it is in excess (more than what will react). This is done so that we can make sure all of the acid reacts. In cases ii and iii, we heat up the beakers to speed up the reactions. To make sure that it is complete we filter the solutions into an evaporating basin.CRYSTALISATIONTo form this process, we boil the solution in the basin in order to concentrate it. We do this until we reach the crystallisation point and that is when it is saturated at that specific temperature. We test this by dipping in a glass rod and then blowing on one end. If a fern like growth of crystals show, it means that we have reached crystallisation point. After doing that, we allow the solution to cool down which produces small crystals. However, we want large crystals. To do this we allow the solution to evaporate at room temperature for about a week, until there are only a few cubic centimetres remaining. These are filtered off because they contain soluble impurities. The crystals are than washed with a little distilled water and dried using filter paper.b. TitrationIf the metal hydroxide or the metal carbonate are soluble, (i.e. alkalis), we cannot remove the excess via the process of filtration. Therefore, we have to react these substances in their correct stoichiometric amounts (i.e. there is no excess of either of them). This is done by a process known as titration.All sodium (Na) and potassium (K) salts have to be prepared by titration as their hydroxides and carbonates are soluble.i. base of soluble metal hydroxide + acid salt + waterNaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)ii. metal carbonate + acid salt + water + carbon dioxideNa2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)Here are some pictures of the equ ipment that we need for this experiment:graduation pointThe pipette is used for measuring out with a fixed volume of solution. We firstly wash it out with the solution that we are going to use. In our case we are using hydrochloric acid.We then pipette 20cm3 of the acid into a conical flask. Then we then add a few drops of universal indicator to the solution.A burette is used for measuring a variable volume of solution. We also (like with the pipette) wash out the burette with alkali, which happens to sodium hydroxide in this case. We firstly fill the burette with the prescribed alkali through a funnel until the alkali reaches 0cm3.The alkali is very caustic. This means it will wear away into wood or anything in its way. The only way to stop this from happening, is to neutralise it by pouring an acid over it.We then titrate the hydrochloric acid solution with the solution from the burette until we reach the equivalence point, (end point).The indicator should abruptly change colour f rom red to a mid-range colour, orange. You should wash out the conical flask with water and repeat to get consistent titres which are within 0.2cm3 of each other. We repeat the whole thing using the same volumes but no indicators so the final colour of the solution is not changed. We then crystallise the solution as normal.Here are some results from this experiment overleaf:ATTEMPTROUGHONETWOFINAL22.3021.0042.10INITIAL-1.200.0021.00TITRE21.1021.0021.10c. EvaporationAnother method of making ammonium nitrate is done when either the acid or the alkali is volatile (evaporates easily). An example of this is for an acid -hydrochloric acid or for an alkali ammonia. In these cases we do not need to use the process of titration to prepare the salt. We can simply add the excess of the one that is volatile and the excess will evaporate when we come to evaporate the solution.NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) NH4NO3(aq)We measure out approximately 20cm3 of nitric acid into an evaporating basin. We then add am monia solution while stirring until in excess. We can check for this by its smell and confirm it is in excess by using red litmus paper which should turn blue. We then crystallise the solution as usual where upon the excess ammonia will evaporate.

Does the Law of Defamation Strike a Fair Balance Between the Essay

Does the Law of Defamation Strike a Fair Balance Between the Protection of Reputation and Freedom of Expression - Essay Example The public naturally looks to the media to provide this information. The law of defamation has a greater impact than any other area of the law, on what and how this information is reported to the public. The law of defamation holds the publisher of information responsible for the accuracy of the information revealed. In the absence of the law of defamation, reputations would be harmed without remedies. However, the law of defamation must be framed so as to allow freedom of expression so that information released to the public has substance.2 It is therefore necessary that fair balance is struck between the protection of reputations and freedom of expression to allow for the free and fair exchange of information necessary in a democratic environment. In the UK, freedom of expression is a fundamental human right and although reputation is not a specific fundamental human right, it is connected to the right to privacy which is a fundamental human right.3 The right to privacy and freedom of expression are both provided for by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and are applicable in the UK by virtue of the Human Rights Act 1988.4 There are tensions between the right to privacy and freedom of expression. ... formation in England and Wales and identifies the extent to which the law of defamation attempts to strike a fair balance between the protection of reputation and freedom of expression. It is argued that while there is a recognized need to strike a fair balance between protection of reputational interests and freedom of expression, the historical preference for protection the reputation prevails although in more recent times there appears to be a shift away from this preference. In this regard, this research study is divided into three main parts. The first part of this paper presents a review of literature in which previous studies on the tensions between the law of defamation emphasizing protection of the reputation and freedom of expression are presented. The second part of this paper will analyse the relevant cases. The third part of his paper will present an analysis of the material discussed in the previous two parts of the paper. II. A Review of Literature In a study conducted by Smet of the ECtHR’s decisions on cases involving protection of the reputation and freedom of expression, it was revealed that momentum has been building in the ECtHR jurisprudence recognizing a conflict between the two rights. In order to resolve this tension the ECtHR has used what has been referred to by Smet as an â€Å"impact criterion†.6 The impact criterion refers to an approach in which the court considers: ...the extent to which both rights would be impaired by allowing the opposing right to take preference. 7 With respect to defamation cases, the ECtHR is particularly appreciative of the important role that the press plays as a conduit for public information at its â€Å"contribution to ensuring the proper functioning of a democracy†.  

Meeting the Challenge of Sustainable Business' - Cork Industry in Term Paper

Meeting the Challenge of Sustainable Business' - Cork Industry in Portugal - Term Paper Example Internationalization strategies vary from company to company. For instance, a company may opt to seek a different strategy after an in depth analysis of the target market and the type the business or the line of products the company deals in. however, for a company that want to survive it has to ensure that its strategy is effective and efficient. This paper tries to analyse the sustainability strategy for Amorim. The Amorim Company focuses on the Cork products business. Its research and design department contributed immensely towards the discovery, examination and implementation of the most appropriate practices in cork oak forest in Portugal. The department further develops in-depth studies into the cultivation of the oak trees that provide cork harvests. In order to ensure sustainability, Amorim fosters strict association with both external and internal research platforms. This strategy aims at guaranteeing the quality of cork oak by-products, as well as the vitality of the forests. Therefore, the company collaborates with institutes associated with forestry and agriculture. The paper analyses the business strategies, PESTEL Analysis and the trends that exhibit the company. Despite not owning a forest, the Amorim Company focuses on the Cork products business. Its research and design department contributed immensely towards the discovery, examination and implementation of the most appropriate practices in cork oak forest in Portugal. The department further develops in-depth studies into the cultivation of the oak trees that provide cork harvests. As a result, the company provides the appropriate mechanisms for diseases and pests control of the oak tree (Aronson, 2009, 5). The West Mediterranean Basin boasts of two point two million hectares of Cork oak forests. Roughly ninety percent of the forest area of the cork oak species can be found in Spain, Portugal, Algeria and Morocco. Farmers in this regions

Impact of Significant Life Events

Impact of Significant Life Events The transitions imply all of us. The layer of rain of the amendment suppose a question of low level survival for millennia . Then the people evolved an exclusive methods for they get accustomed to changes and surprise . The normal changes can conquered by the education. The considerable change can prove our individuality and mesh left they go of completely supported values, hops. Sometime transition are showed under the diagram. after events of life keys show up to 10-20 period in our spam of life. The transition can be widely divided in two types. These types are, Awaited Transition An awaited transition can be defined as an expectation that the people who waits for the changes. Then they knew the changes that go to past as the childs, marriage or birthing etc Can be Unexpected ( transition ) it will happen with a knowledge. This one, humans dont know the changes that are going to happen. for example : Dismissal, death etc. There are some variables that the following of style of adaptation of the influence is: Culture Religion Social Fund Attitude Individual Behavior the transition more significant than different also, some changes or this Transition are acknowledgeable like at the Awaited if persons are extraordinary a little also the Unexpected Transition persons unconscious turning capably of facing the change. then a transition is more significant. Different responses made to significant life event and transition by individuals Answer 1.2 that the stages of life are the different step along which an individual should happen during all his process of life (more Difficult states 2009) it includes this one: the development or infancy the discovery or years adolescents the establishment or juvenile adulthood the continuation or average adulthood to push back or major Nevertheless, normally aptitude for an individual to cope with the events of life in truth related to the stages of the life of the person. Our individuality presents the approach in another direction. You look at latest most of the time as pessimistic or optimistic, dependent or independent, careful or adventurous, impassive or emotional, passive or aggressive, adept or lead agency; generally, these are the character of cholera congenital, Nevertheless other attribute example the emotion that one or low other / authority becomes visible to the study and in particular to challenge basis different and respect we enter to grow. According Erickson, culture has a tremendous influence in human behavior, it has developed and placed more accents in the outside world that wars and depression 1. Infancy (of the birth to 18 months) Result of development of ego: suspicion against confidence Principal force: wait and I walk 2. The early infancy (it begins Eighteen months to Three years) Effect of development of ego: shame against autonomy Principal force: it goes to, the courage and car control 3. The age of game (from three to five years) Result of development of ego: he blames against initiative Central force: target 1. The school age (from 6 to 12 years) Result of development of ego: inferiority against industry Principal forces: competition and method 2. The adolescence (from 12 to 18 years) Result of development of ego: confusion of role against identity Fundamental forces: loyalty and allegiance 3. The young adulthood (from 18 to 35 years) Result of development of ego: isolation, solidarity and intimacy Principal forces: love and affiliation 4. average adulthood: (from 35 to 65 years) Result of development of ego: me absorption or stagnation against generativamente Critical forces: it worry and production 5. Late adulthood: (from 65 years to death) Result of development of ego: desperation against integrity Essential forces: Knowledge The direction of a particularly difficult depends event the stages of our life. And when we have seen with the various stages of life Erickson, we can or to cope with an important event that the death of a member of our family that he will be joined for our standard of living which can be adapted or insufficient to help us to confront this dramatic event in the Pacific. The young man of 10 is lit more challenge to conquer the death of his father that they are compared by the adult of 57 which has a number of life experiences. Personality is organized and dynamic thu characteristics owned by an individual who determines only that it or its cognitions, the behaviors and the motivations in various situations. I. The Ego More difficult (2009) states that This is the structure of the personality that it treats with the demands of veracity or reality; it is called the executive power of the personality because a use of reasoning makes to take decisions . The II.st The superego It is the judge or the moral branch of the personality that it identifies or door to the spirit if something goes wrong or is correct, it is considered as our conscience. Personality changes of an individual to other because, in a sense, each person is not only and the personality that only simply means that people have different reactions, approaches when they meet the challenges in his life. Group responds to significant life events Williams (1999) explain this the change they are the ordinary series for which each one reacts to startle and to adapt, and to have to go during several stage to get accustomed completely to events keys in our work and person life, loss, damage, divorce or loss of work and new matters, the employment or the substitution radically change our life. The excellent events as well as the scare can destabilize our minds, need that we change drastically ours thoughtfully the world, This one takes more time that most of persons understands, often with a stage of the interior bottomless disaster approximately six months later, until we could stop they go of the past and settle completely to our new reality. These procedures influence every person, most of cultures, after principal events of life. These ten happen to twenty times in the life of the people of the majority. Of being understood and I support these events they can be decisive points and opportunity. Or they can go forward to the severe error of judgment, sadness, breakdown, broken matters, career and sometimes suicide. When we have an individual disaster, or we see others in one, in general we contemplate the immediate situation. If there is exterior sensitive factor these can begin a transition. And the additional enthusiasm, the incredulity, the denial, the suspense, the losing confidence, the confusion and the depression are the primary responses to the transition. The social support is A network of members of the family and friends who gives positive reactions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Persons that give emotional support. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Honest clashes when you establish a style of life of the resumption. The framework consists of gifts of its success, the reminders you dedicate when and understanding when you are discouraged and injury. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The citizens of his life not that does not accept no excuse of you, but contributes to keep its foot and dedication to progress. . The importance of social support is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ applauded up to continue to sacrifice and the power to create the change. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivate to persist jobs in the change. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Support and estimated nostalgia when you are the experience a plateau that they imply the small visible change. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Believe that the difficulties on you and the hard work that you create. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ This will be chase costs means in which you can change its style of life à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ more difficult and longer Work in his work or efforts to be improved. Them  · they turn in more affected and interested into his progress and development. Them  · they become more careful in his efforts to change. More sensitive fact on the time and effort had to do the essential change of his life. Answer 14 Mckibbin and (2008) the state tension, such as the response of entrant to a human being has by force shall exercise, in extreme or the other type of require placed on them. Many things in the work can lead to the tension, and the individual will find some things more stressful that different. The Walsh (2005) stipulates that the concept of the tension popularly has to do with the feeling  » under the pressure , unable to cope with the requirements of the situation. Financial commitments and problems Poor-quality living condition Personal relationship Health problems Excessive work roles/long hours Lack of sleep Lack of rest and relaxation Sources of Stress Prejudice, discrimination and hostility from others The Asbridge and To (2008) it describes that small quantity of the tension can be well for us, but tension of some times increases and get in the way with our health. When someone under tension bodies produces a hormone called the adrenaline. The sudden liberation of the adrenaline in the bloodstream causes several effects in the short term, even a beat of rapid, more rapid heart respiration, dry mouth, wide open eyes, sweaty hands, the need to go to the services and a pale face. These signs of the tension do not last a lot of time when they need the energy. If a stressful situation does not improve, then the person can fall ill. The tension impact in each one especially worries the following of workpeople the potential impact is in workpeople of care Denial Rage Social Retreat Anxiety Depression Insomnia Irritability Depletion Lack of concentration Problems of Health To reduce the tension it is necessary to conquer the things that caused the tension, which is not always easy. Below they are some ways of relieving the tension:  · Change the situation to remove the thing this causing the tension. formation of direction of Time might help to avoid the tension caused by the lack of the time. Emotional expression speaks of or notes down feelings, putting the positive aspect in a list and denials. Assertive formation can go to the source of the problem. skills of Relaxation as therapy of watering, massage, hipnoterapia. Exercise. Medicines prescribidas for GP Therapy to help to organize thoughts to look at a situation differently. game of Role they calculate strategies of adapting themselves practising them first. Others social networks may provide support to individuals experiencing Answer 2.2 According Kubler (1969) there are five fundamental stages in cases of death are denial, anger, the negotiation, depression and finally acceptance. Diagram below describe the time Source: http://www.armchairadvice.co.uk/bereavement/emotional/responses.asp Denial Kubler (1969) states that Denial is a aware or unaware rejection to agree to evidence, truth, and many more, relate to the scenario concerned, Its a resistance mechanism and completely usual, Some people can become locked in this period when dealing with a shocking change that can be ignored, Death of course is not particularly easy to avoid or avoid indefinitely. Anger He further describes that Anger can manifest in different ways People dealing with emotional upset can be angry with themselves, and/or with others, particularly those close to them, knowing this helps keep detached and non-judgemental when experiencing the anger of someone who is very upset. Negotiation Kubler (1969), provides that the tradition of stage negotiator for the people face death can lead to the try to negotiate with any God in whom the individual believes, people turn a volume of the serious minor trauma that it can negotiate or look to place a negotiation, the negotiation rarely that it provides a sustainable exit, mainly if it is a matter of life or death. Depression It is mentioned as preparatory affliction. In a sense it is the process of clothing or the formation led to the consequence although this stage means different things according to which this implies, is a kind of acceptance of the touch accessory. It is usual to feel the sorrow and sadness, fear, suspense, etc. : This shows that the person began to accept at least the reality. Acceptance Kubler (1969) define this stage truly they change according to the state of the person, although largely this is a sign that there is some touching separation and objectivity, the agonizing People can enter this stage a lot of time before the people that they stop, the one who must happen essentially for her own individual stage of deals with the sorrow . The loss is the Unexpected transition normally like a human being for which each one spends this one she organizes the time it will change to the person to the person that one day confronting the loss they need the social support of that time they can come to the normal life. Answer 2.3 External sources of support General Practitioner The people faced the transition some time that he is depressed in this case, they can go to its GP and go to them on the problem you face and GP prescribe anti depressants. The doctor is its first person to consult. The adviser is Adviser the person when you go and to go to someone who has been formed to be a good auditor and help to the conversation of the population on his problem. The adviser can be capable to help him to understand his feelings and thoughts better. Me they help groups where a group of people that they have all transferred to a transition or depression is together to speak and to support another. This can help to feel less when you find another people which has the same classes of feelings as you and also it can show him the means that they have adapted itself. The discovery that you can help and support can help another people to feel better. Psychiatric Disorders specialist that it is the person who deals with serious depressed that he continues during many time. Then it will listen to his problem and will the treatment. Psychiatric Nurse he / she is the people who is his house regularly and conversation with you on the progress and registers all. Answers 3.1 It is the aim of the company to ensure that no present or future employee or applicant for employment receives less favourable treatment on the grounds of sex,marital status ,disability ,races colour, nationality (including citizenship ) or ethnic be shown to be justifiable. the elimination of any discrimination in employment the promotion of equality of opportunity an also guidance on the steps that need to be taken to ensure that employment practice remain within the law The policy will be implemented ti accordance with appropriate statuary requirement of The equal pay Act 1970 The equal (Amendment) Regulations 1983 The sex discrimination Act 1974 The race relations Act 1976 Recommendation for improving the support available in the organisation for individuals and their social networks significant life event Answer 03, 3 Communication is about the way people reach out to one another. It is an essential part of all relationships, and the ability to communication well with service users, colleagues and other is to basic requirement for doing your job. An also its not just talking-we uses touch, facial experience and body movements when we ploughs communicating with people personally, and there plough many means of written and electronic communication in todays society. It is important that we reads to communicate well even where there plough differences in individuals abilities and methods of communication; you will also need to be able to communication effectively on complex and sensitive issues. Recording information is important and serves much valuable purpose. Record We need to understand the significant of what our and how it is record. Ex-, 1 How to identify the support individuals need 2 Overcoming difficulties in communication 3 How to find out about likely communication problems 4 Communication differences 5 Listening effectively You differ from communication and Actions for this (efficacy of contribution of personnel with experience) 01) Different language 1 Smile 2 they have a friendly expression 3 gestures of Use 4 pictures of Use 5 heat of spectacle and stimulus repeat his words with a smile to verify the understanding 02) Hearing of damage 1) To speak clearly, listen carefully, and answer to what is said to him 2) To remove any distraction and other noises 3) To make sure that any resource to the hearing works 4) Mail of use where assigned 5) Singing of use where assigned. 03) For contribution of Personnel of physical disability 1 They make sure that the surroundings are adapted and accessible 2 they bear in different mind with the production of voice if it is necessary 3 they do not frequent 4 they remember that any corporal language cannot be appropriate 04) For contribution of Personnel Learning disability 1) to judge the appropriate level of the understanding 2) our to answer in the right level 3) To remain patient and to be ready to keep on covering the same ground 4) To be ready to wait and to listen carefully to the response 05) Visual damage 1) to use the touch of being assigned to communicate the worry, the compassion and the interest 2) to use the tone of voice rather that expressions to communicate the humor and the response 3) The contract of an insurance that all the visual communication is transferred in something that can be heard, tape or someone reading

Lust, Violence, and Death in John Miltons Paradise Lost :: Milton Paradise Lost Essays

Lust, Violence, and Death in Paradise Lost    Images and allusions to sex and death are intermingled throughout John Milton's Paradise Lost. The character of Satan serves as not only an embodiment of death and sin, but also insatiated sexual lust. The combination of sex and lust has significant philosophical implications, especially in relation to themes of creation, destruction, and the nature of existence. Milton, in Paradise Lost, establishes that with sex, as with religion, he is of no particular hierarchical establishment. However, Milton does not want to be confused with the stereotypical puritan. Milton the poet, seems to celebrate the ideal of sex; yet, he deplores concupiscence and warns against the evils of lust, insisting   lust   leads to sin, violence and death. There is no reason to apply modern theories to Milton if we do not care whether Milton remains alive. However, if we wish him to be more than a historical artifact, we must do more than just study him against the background of his time. We must reinterpret him in light of the germane thought of our own age.-James Driscoll Images and allusions to sex and death are intermingled throughout John Milton's Paradise Lost. The character of Satan serves as not only an embodiment of death and sin, but also insatiated sexual lust. The combination of sex and lust has significant philosophical implications, especially in relation to themes of creation, destruction, and the nature of existence. Milton, in Paradise Lost, establishes that with sex, as with religion, he is of no particular hierarchical establishment. However, Milton does not want to be confused with the stereotypical puritan. Milton the poet, seems to celebrate the ideal of sex; yet, he deplores concupiscence   and warns against the evils of lust, insisting   lust   leads to sin, violence and death. From the beginning, Satan, like fallen humanity, not only blames others; but also makes comic and grandiose reasons for his evil   behavior. Yet, despite his reasoning to seek revenge against God, "his true motivation for escaping from hell and perverting paradise is, at least partly, something more basic: Satan needs sex" (Daniel 26). In the opening books of the poem, Satan is cast into a fiery hell that is not only is miserable, but devoid of sex. As Satan describes when he has escaped to Eden, in hell: "neigh joy nor love, but fierce desire, / Among our other torments not the least, / Still unfulfilled with pain of longing pine" (Book IV, 509-11).

Holiday Depression

Tara Heubel Eng 101 Section 1130 Essay 2 Final draft Tis the Season For most people the holiday season is a very happy time. It is a time for laughter and rejoicing. It is during the holiday season that we begin to see and hear from loved ones that may not always be in touch. Friends and family from everywhere begin to make contact during this time of year in hopes to send merry wishes for the year and year to come. However not all people are overcome with the â€Å"holiday spirit,† but are rather plagued with the feeling of sadness and loneliness. This small group of people struggle through the holiday season. There are many different variables that may lead to this frustration during this time of year. No matter what the reason may be for feeling so down, the fact remains that for these individuals the holidays cause serious depression. With all the celebrating that takes place during the holidays host and hostesses may just be the most underrated people working hard to make the holiday celebration a great success! Unless you are the yearly host of a holiday get together, you really have no idea about the burden and stress that can be placed on the person who is coordinating the celebration. There are people to invite, food to purchase and prepare, decorations to hang, presents to wrap, and an atmosphere to set. The host of the party is usually preparing for the main event several months ahead of time, that is if he or she is smart, to be sure that nothing is forgotten. After all, there won’t be another party like this one till next year. If the party goes well it will be talked about all year long and people will be excited to return for future celebrations! This is ideally what every host is hoping to achieve. The perfect celebration! Every year the media portrays holidays such as Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Years as even bigger and bigger events. They run an unlimited amount of advertisements portraying perfect celebrations with the perfect decorations and the perfect meal. Every home is filled with laughing faces and happy hearts. It is as if you have stepped right into a Norman Rockwell painting! People are compelled to be wearing the perfect outfit. They hope to give and to receive the perfect gift. They anticipate eating the perfect holiday feast with all the wonderful side dishes and rows of lavish desserts, pies, and cookies! It should not go unmentioned that all this striving for perfection is the perfect recipe for holiday depression and stress. With all this emphasis placed on the perfect celebration; God forbid you make a mistake! Lets just think about it for a second, have you ever been to the grocery store or any shopping environment for that matter during the holidays? It is nothing short of mass chaos! There are gangs of last minute shoppers and frustrated consumers tearing through what is left of seasonal or holiday items. To be such a supposed jolly time of year, there are many, many angry people shopping. With everyone feeling the stress of this time of year it seems to bring out a darker side of us in the form of what I like to call â€Å"shopping rage. † People are frantically searching for last minute gift ideas or perhaps they just realized they had forgotten something detrimental for their feast or decor. Another popular reason for spending hours of wasted stress filled time is due to finding the right attire to model during the get together. This outfit rarely gets worn ever again after the four or five hours you’ve had it on it ends up in the back of the closet never to be seen again. This is of course after you have spent three hours finding it, trying on several combinations of red, green, black, and gold. Making sure to match and pull together every last article of clothing from the jewelry to the shoes and everything in between. About One hundred and fifty dollars later you have the perfect outfit that you will never wear again! Wanting things to work out perfectly, becomes an obsession for the individual who is burdened with the responsibility of executing the most memorable celebration. Only in a perfect world does everything always work out as planned. In this world however, there are just too many opportunities for something not to work out as planned so mistakes and accidents should be expected. Not everyone is able to accept this truth though. Some people end up spending so much time worrying about doing everything so right that they end up missing out on the â€Å"good stuff† like the time spent with loved ones. These people spend the whole holiday depressed and stressed out about meeting out materialistic cultures ideal standards for the holiday celebrations. With all the celebrating and gift giving, and decorating and throwing parties and preparing grand meals, and everything else that is associated with the holidays does anyone ever stop to ponder the incre`dible amount of money that is dumped by the millions every year into generating the â€Å"holiday season? I am sure it comes as no surprise that most people save all year long just to be prepared for this time of year. Everywhere you look during this time of year there are advertisements, one after another, urging people to spend, spend, SPEND! These ads always seem to suggest that if you don’t have an over the top lavish party that is even bigger and better than the last, then you have failed as a human to do what was expected of you during the holidays. There is truly something lost in all this misinterpreted meaning of the holidays. I mean when did celebrating time with the ones you love become such â€Å"BIG BUSINESS? † For far too many people the holiday season brings about serious depression caused by the inability for these people to afford the ridiculous things that they feel must be purchased in order to have a â€Å"proper† celebration especially if they have children. Parents always want their kids to have the best of the best and they want to buy them whatever gift it is that they have wanted and asked for all year long! However, people who don’t have enough money to get these things are struck with a great deal of depression. These same people may not have enough money to purchase everything society says we need for an extravagant meal or over the top decorations and parties. For all of these things have nothing at all to do with the true meaning of the holidays, still somehow far too much importance has been placed on materialistic things. No matter what the reason may be for a person felling the strain of holiday blues weighing them down, the fact remains that the holiday season can cause a great deal of sadness and depression for many different people.

The Later Years and Last Words of John Adams

Thomas Jefferson still survives. These were the famous last words of Americas second president of the United States, John Adams. He died on July 4, 1826 at the age of 92, on the same day as President Thomas Jefferson. Little did he realize that he actually outlived his former rival who turned into great friend by a few hours.   The relationship between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams started cordially with both working on the draft of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson often visited with Adams and his wife Abigail after the death of Jeffersons wife Martha in 1782. When both were sent to Europe, Jefferson to France and Adams to England, Jefferson continued to write to Abigail. However, their budding friendship would soon come to an end as they became fierce political rivals during the early days of the republic. When new president George Washington was to choose a Vice President, both Jefferson and Adams were considered. However, their personal political views were quite different.  While Adams supported a stronger federal government with the new Constitution, Jefferson was a staunch advocate of states rights. Washington went with Adams and the relationship between the two men began to wane.   President and Vice President Ironically, due to the fact that Constitution did not originally differentiate between president and vice president candidates during presidential elections, whoever received the most votes became president, while the second most voter became the vice president. Jefferson became Adams Vice President in 1796.  Jefferson then went on to  defeat Adams for reelection in the  significant election of 1800. Part of the reason why Adams lost this election was due to the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts. These four acts were passed as a response to the criticisms that Adams and the federalists were receiving by their political opponents. The Sedition Act made it so that any conspiracy against the government including interference with officers or riots would result in a high misdemeanor. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison were fiercely opposed to these acts and in response passed the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. In Jeffersons Kentucky Resolutions, he argued that the states a ctually had the power of nullification against national laws which they found unconstitutional. Right before leaving office, Adams appointed a number of Jeffersons rivals to high positions in the government. This was when their relationship was truly at its lowest point.   In 1812,  Jefferson and John Adams  began to rekindle their friendship through correspondence. They covered many topics in their letters to each other including politics, life, and love. They ended up writing over 300 letters to each other.  Later in life, Adams vowed to survive until the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. Both he and Jefferson were able to accomplish this feat, dying on the anniversary of its signing. With their death only one signer of the Declaration of Independence, Charles Carroll, was still alive. He lived until 1832.