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Alcohol and Teen Drinking Essay - 2212 Words

Alcohol use among American teenagers is a problem of epidemic proportions. Alcohol is a drug -- the drug of choice of adolescents and adults. Abuse of this drug Is responsible for death and injury in automobile accidents, physical and emotional disability, loss of productivity amounting to millions of dollars annually, deterioration of academic performance, aggressive and disruptive behavior causing problems with family and friends, and individual financial ruin. It also is the primary cause of criminal behavior and a leading cause of broken homes. Despite the problems caused to young and old by alcohol, society sends a mixed signal to its youth. The media presents beer drinking with peers as not only acceptable but almost mandatory†¦show more content†¦While most adults drink occasionally, about 30% of adults don’t drink at all. Of those who do drink, 10% account for the 50% of the alcoholic beverages consumed (Youcha 1978) . For some groups the ideal drinking behavior is not drinking at all; for other groups moderate or infrequent drinking behavior is acceptable; for still other groups occasional heavy drinking or even frequent heavy drinking is permissible. The media bombard the American public, particularly its young people, with the acceptability of alcoholic beverages in adult society. A report by the Scientific Analysis Corporation examined portrayal of drinking practices on television. The study showed that alcoholic beverages were the most frequently used drinks by television characters. In 225 programs 701 alcoholic drinking acts were recorded, compared to second-place tea and coffee drinking recorded in 329 cases (Royce 1981) . Television characters seldom drank water or soft drinks. Furthermore, many of the references to alcohol in the scripts were of humorous nature. These findings should be brought to the attention of the teenagers in order to help them sort out the realities of alcohol consumption from the make-believe world of television. Drinking is viewed as an adult behavior in our society. It is promoted as a rite of passage from adolescence to adulthood. The age when young people areShow MoreRelatedAlcohol and Teen Drinking Essay552 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to Men’s Health, â€Å"alcohol kills more teenagers and young people than any of the other drugs taken to affect mood and behavior (heroin, cocaine, marijuana).† This issue interests me due to the many friends I have who drink overwhelmingly. Also, I have so many cousins that are younger than me that I am concerned about with this issue. There are many reasons to why teens may drink, not all of which are reasonable but is the truth, from what I know. Teen drinking can also result in very manyRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol And Teen Drinking1069 Words   |  5 PagesDryden-Edwards (2), teenage drinking is widespread, and teenagers believe that it is acceptable. But, teenagers’ bodies are still developing. They fail to realize that consuming alcohol places them in danger  for numerous issues.   Consuming alcohol is more widespread among teenagers than most realize. Alcohol and Teen Drinking (1) reports that three-fourths of seniors,  a little over two-thirds of Sophomores, and two out of five 8th graders have experimented with alcohol. With rising statistical informationRead MoreEssay on Alcohol and Teens: The Effects of Teenage Drinking1520 Words   |  7 Pages When at a party, a student sees another teenager drinking a beer. Thinking nothing of it, the teenager picks up a large bottle labeled Vodka and beings to chug the contents of the bottle. The alcohol rushes through her body and she suddenly has a sense of feeling free and letting loose. The next thing the teenage girl remembers is waking up in a hospital bed to her mother crying by her bed side. The only thing her mom could say was â€Å"Honey, please wake up. Please be okay, I want you to beRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Treatment: How To Han dle Teen Drinking. An1967 Words   |  8 PagesAlcohol Abuse Treatment: How To Handle Teen Drinking An estimated 10 million underage drinkers were reported by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services in 2010. Although the number of underage drinkers has gone down over the past years, still there are millions of teenagers who have been regular alcohol drinkers in the United States. Among the 10 million underage drinkers, 2 million were heavy drinkers. This surely can be very alarming considering how it is likely that these teenagers areRead MoreAlcohol And Teens : Should The U.s. Lower Or Rise It s Drinking Age?1031 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol and Teens: Should the U.S. Lower or Rise It’s Drinking Age? Alcohol is a depressant. It slows down the activity of the central nervous system, including the brain. A debate amongst our nation has been â€Å"Should the minimum drinking age be lower than 21?† I personally do not think so. Even though at age 18 you are technically an adult and responsible for your own actions, I do not think the legal alcohol consumption age should be lowered because it causes health risks, bad decisions, and endangersRead MoreLowering The Alcohol Drinking Age1602 Words   |  7 Pages Lowering The Alcohol Drinking Age Now a day’s teens that are under the age of twenty-one are out in trouble and drinking. They know that they are not old enough to drink and that is what makes them want to drink even more. Teens drink when they are not suppose to, but they know that when they drink, they must stay out of trouble. Lowering the alcohol drinking age will keep a bunch of teens out of trouble. If teens can stay safe while drinking then they should allow eighteen year olds to drinkRead MoreLargest Number of Consumers of Alcohol in the United States are Teenages556 Words   |  3 Pages Alcohol is the most universally used and abused drug in the United States. An issue that continues to rise in today’s public health is alcohol use. Consuming alcohol in excessive amounts is not only a problem in the United States but worldwide as well. The largest number of consumers is teenagers. During this period of development, teens are faced with a multitude of pressures whether it’s trying to m aintain good grades in school or perform well in sports. Teens may also be influenced by variousRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1599 Words   |  7 Pagestopic that has gone on for many years is whether the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen years old, as opposed to where it is now, at twenty one. Some argue that at age eighteen, a person is legally an adult and able to go to war, vote, and partake in other adult activities. If they are an adult at this age, why are they unable to legally drink alcohol? There are numerous reasons why drinking is unsafe for those under twenty one. The drinking age is set at age twenty one for a reason, and shouldRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Is A Problem Striking The People Of America910 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol abuse is a problem striking the people of America. There are more than twelve million alcoholics in America, and the numbers only continue to increase. All Americans spend a total of about one hundred ninety-seven million do llars on alcohol in one day! It has gotten so bad that now even adolescents as young as thirteen begin to drink. Disconcertingly, every thirty minutes a person dies from an alcohol related incident. Alcohol has become the number one drug problem in all of America. In factRead MoreResearch Paper Drinking Age1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe legal drinking age refers to the youngest age at which a person is legally allowed to buy and consumes alcoholic beverages. The drinking age varies from country to country. Here in the United States the legal drinking age is twenty-one. There has been much debate on whether the drinking age in the United States should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen. People in favor of keeping the drinking age at twenty-one believe that there will be less alcohol related injuries and deaths from

Psychology of Interpersonal Communication

Question: Discuss about thePsychology of Interpersonal Communication. Answer: Introduction Interpersonal communication is a process of communication and interaction with people with exchange of information and thoughts. Interpersonal communication could be verbal as well as non-verbal. The process of interpersonal communication could be made effective by the incorporation of theories such as impression formation theory, predictive outcome value theory, and intercultural communication theory. Intercultural Communication Theory I have chosen intercultural communication as a way of improving interpersonal communication and perception. Intercultural communication is referred to as interpersonal communication across the people belonging to various cultural and social groups (Neuliep, 2014). While I engage in interpersonal communication, I ensure that the interpersonal communication theory is properly abided by. The intercultural communication theory ensures that while communication is continued, the culture and ethnicity of the person with whom the communication is taking place is maintained. I need to keep in mind the cultural differences while interpersonal communication. People belonging to a different culture might have a different perception about a particular topic. Clarity in communication has to be maintained by me while interpersonal communication is done. The customs that are followed by people of different culture has to be respected by me. The customs that I follow should also be clearly conveyed t o the person with whom I communicate, in order to avoid miscommunication and misinterpretation. Miscommunication Due to Intercultural Communication Intercultural communication might give rise to miscommunication. The miscommunication that I have faced while intercultural interpersonal communication are as follows: Assumptions of similarities: I often have the perception that there are certain similarities in behaviour and customs even with intercultural differences. However, this assumption made by me is incorrect and hence gives rise to misinterpretations. Differences in language: The language difference is also an issue in intercultural communication. The spoken language as well as the tone of communication is different in various cultures. This difference in language and tone has to be identified by me, and ensure that I do not engage in misunderstandings, due to the difference in language (Wood, 2015). In my opinion, I feel that intercultural communication is effectively maintained in interpersonal communication with the understanding of various cultures and cultural differences as well as with tolerance for each others culture. Intercultural communication is important as I got to know the culture of various people, along with developing tolerance and respect for people with different customs, food habit, ethnicity, culture, religion and even nationality. References Neuliep, J. W. (2014).Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. Wood, J. T. (2015).Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters. Nelson Education

Slave Trade free essay sample

The slave trade was conducted by the Europeans in order to raise their profit of sugar plantation, and they cornered Africans into a harsh situation during and after the voyage. From the early 1 asss to the early 1 asss, the Europeans increasingly bought slaves from Africans who needed weapons and other food supplies for their ongoing wars. To maximize the profit, the captains of slave ships wanted to carry as many healthy slaves for as little cost as possible by choosing either a loose or a tight packing system. From the 1 COOS to the mid 1 odds about 12 million black slaves were shipped from Africa to the Western World, enduring brutal and crowded conditions which caused the slaves to have a horror of death and diseases. Approximately 2 million blacks died during the journey, about 65 percent of them were transported to sugar colonies like Brazil and Cuba, and about 6 percent of the black slaves were sent to North America. We will write a custom essay sample on Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Slavery became widespread in South America as well as in other sugar colonies.Slaves in Latin America were maltreated since the welfare laws that were enacted to protect the slaves were poorly enforced. However, slaves in the united States generally had a utter life than those in South America, even though slavery there was also as cruel as it was in Latin America. All in all, Africans had to suffer from inhumane conditions without the protection of laws on the way to America and after the long voyage, just for the sake of the white peoples profit. Part 2: Why was so indifferent to the agony of people who were discriminated against even though I myself am a visible minority?This was the first question that popped into my mind after the last groups presentation. To be honest, have always had a horror of being discriminated against by racists. However, I only cared about my own problem. I was completely ignorant about other people who were maltreated and their miserable history. This topic, the history of African slaves, would not interest me at all unless I had the opportunity to learn about it in class. Therefore, there were many new facts did not know before doing this activity since my understanding of slavery was only superficial.One new fact was that the slave trade had been conducted since ancient times. Another new fact was that the majority of black slaves worked on sugar plantation. I could also learn about the Bureau of refugee and abandoned lands, which helped the African slaves resettle by offering hem food and other supplies and setting up hospitals and schools. Other than these three facts mentioned above, found it interesting that Harriet Tuba, a well-known leader who aided African slaves to escape, was once a slave herself.The reason why was impressed by her was that she never gave up helping people live better lives despite her condition of being a female slave. She escaped from slavery and escorted slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad. Not only that, she raised money to educate black people, assisted the elderly and the needy African Americans, and contributed to the improvements in the rights of women. Her story taught me a lesson that can overcome any obstacle and do something for people around me as long as I do not give up. Thanks to the efforts of people like Harriet Tuba, slavery could be banned. Abolition of slavery played a significant role in actualization the principle of equal treatment of persons irrespective of not only races but also gender and religion. It has had a positive impact on society in that people started to understand it was important to support and respect diversity. However, think other forms of discrimination still remain: age, appearance, social standing, sexual orientation, intelligence, ethnicity, and so on. Furthermore, even now, there are people who suffer from a similar type of treatment as Africans did.For example, North Korean defectors who are repatriated to their country are enduring a tough life. They are segregated from other people and work like slaves since they were sentenced to do forced labor for the rest of their lives. This is because they have different political views and had tried to escape from North Korea. If they violate the rules made by the Communist party, they are at a risk of execution. In my opinion, it is time for us to give people ho are discriminated against continued interests.Discriminated people are all people like us, and there is no reason for them to be treated like that. We have the words to change our society and the power to rewrite our history. To let the world know about these people and to raise awareness, we can start from a little thing such as joining a school social justice club. As Mahatma Gandhi said, The only difference be;en man and man all the world over is one of degree, and not of kind, even as there is between trees of the same species. Where in is the cause for anger, envy or discrimination? Slave Trade free essay sample Colonialism and Imperialism are one of the core foundations of the Atlantic Trade System that occurred between the 14th and 19th centuries. Colonialism is the process of a group of external settlers, in this case settling in Africa and claiming the land for their own. Colonialism is the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people. Colonialism refers to the set of practices and policies implemented by the imperial agents to obtain and maintain control, stability, economic objectives, and social engineering in the constituent polities of the imperial periphery. G. 12) Imperialism is a policy of extending control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial conquest or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries. Most subsequent definitions Of imperialism agree that it refers to an ideology or set Of doctrines, that it implies domination that it reflects international affairs, and it involves actions and ideas in support of expansionism and the maintenance of empire. We will write a custom essay sample on Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Peg. 7 Modern Imperialism and Colonialism).Imperialism and alongside facilitated both the general and the regional effects of the sugar revolution, while at the same time the sugar revolution helped to shape the direction of imperialism and colonialism in new ways. The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade took place across the Atlantic Ocean from the 16th through to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of slaves transported to the New World were Africans from the central and western parts of the continent, sold by Africans to European slave traders who then transported them to North and South America.The numbers were so great that Africans who name by way of the slave trade became the most numerous Old-World immigrants in both North and South America before the late eighteenth century. The Portuguese were the first to engage in the New World slave trade, and others soon followed. Slaves were considered cargo by the ship owners, to be transported to the Americas as quickly and cheaply as possible, there to be sold to labor in coffee, tobacco, cocoa, cotton and sugar plantations, gold and silver mines, rice fields, construction industry, cutting timber for ships, and as house servants.The Triangular Trade is a route to chive slaves . It got its name from the three routes that formed a triangle. The first route carried fish, lumber, and other goods from New England to the West Indies. In the West Indies they picked up sugar and molasses which is a dark brown syrup product made from sugar cane. This was used to makes rum. From the West Indies merchants carried the rum, along with guns, gunpowder, and tools to West Africa. Here, they traded these items for slaves; they carried the slaves to the West Indies where they were sold.Traders would take the profits and buy more molasses. The transportation of black Africans to the Americas was known as the Middle passage because it was the middle leg of the Triangular Trade route used by the European merchants. The slaves were treated so harshly that some of them din t make it to the West Indies. Traders were so greedy that they wanted to bring as many slaves as possible. The slaves were chained and crammed together below the deck. There was hardly any sitting room or standing room. The slaves even have fresh air.The air was so stifling that some suffocated to death. Others tried to starve themselves to death or jump over board. Most died from diseases. Aloud Equation vividly recounts the shock and isolation that he felt during the Middle Passage to Barbados and his fear that the European slavers would eat him. Soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered me eatables and on my refusing to eat, one of them held me fast by the hands and laid me across the windlass and tied my feet while the other flogged me severely. Had never experienced anything of this kind before.If I could have gotten over the nettings, would have jumped over the side, but I could not. The crew used to watch very closely those of us who were not chained down to the decks, lest we should leap into the water. I have seen some of these poor African prisoners most severely cut for attempting to do so, and hourly whipped for not eating. (Narrative 3) Slaves were mainly transported to work on plantations and work hard labor all year long. The sugar revolution and the Atlantic Slave Trade led to about 2. 5 million slaves being transported to the new world.As the result of the Atlantic plantation colonies, sugar had been exported to Europe as a luxury item since the last four decades on the fifteenth century. Sugar was very popular at the time and was used for many other resources such as medicines, sugar sculptures and tea. In 1550, only he rich could afford sugar and it was a luxury. By 1 750, the poorest farmers wife took sugar in her tea. With the mass production of imported sugar from the Caribbean, by 1800, 18 lbs. Of sugar per person was being consumed per year. 86) By 1 600 approximately 30,000 African slaves labored in Brazil. More slaves were imported to Brazil than any other locations in the Americas. The particular needs of sugar production help explain in the need for such vast quantities of labor in Brazil. Once planted, the first crop takes between 15 and 18 months to mature, after which the 10;foot stalks are cut back for harvest. African slaves were to work in harsh conditions with little food under the hot beaming sun. The sugar stalks takes nine months to grow back. 91 ) The British had a huge success obtaining huge amounts of profits the Atlantic Slave trade and with the middle passage. Spain obtained gold and a large amount of money and so, everyone wanted a piece. Imperialism was the motivation for more. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, mercantilism was the dominant economic theory guiding most European states. Itself a symptom of the increasing competition in Europe, mercantilism s a set of theories preached that nations competed against each other in the economic as well at the political realm. 79) The waging of war against an enemy had already begun, warfare. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, such theft was authorized and supported by Spains rivals as legitimate tool of the state. What Spain saw as blatant piracy, its rivals saw as an acceptable means by which undermine the power of the Spanish Empire. These thieves were known as corsairs or privateers. As corsairs, civilians were granted licenses to plunder any and all Spanish shipping on the seas, opposed in retaliation for Spanish acts of war on land. (peg. 0) These pass events are extremely important because it molded our future. Things wouldve been very different if slaves were never captured and put to work hard labor in the sugar plantations. Europeans would have never produced crops or gain money from them. Sugar wouldnt have been so popular and maybe consume less. Europe would have not made massive amounts of money and profits they made from the slaves and the cash crops in the Caribbean. If slaves were never taken in the first place, maybe Africa wouldnt have been in such poverty this modern day. Slave Trade free essay sample Some West Africans mined gold, salt, iron, copper or even diamonds. African art was primarily religious, and each community had artisans skilled at producing works that would please the tribal gods. The center of African life in ancient and modern times is the family. Since Africans consider all individuals who can trace roots to a common ancestor, this family often comprised hundreds of members. Like Native American tribes, there is tremendous diversity among the peoples of West Africa. Some traced their heritage through the fathers bloodline, some wrought the mothers. Some were democratic, while others had a strong ruler. Most African tribes had a noble class, and slavery in Africa predates the written record. The slavery known to Africans prior to European contact did not involve a belief in inferiority of the slaves. Most slaves in West Africa were captured in war. Although legally considered property, most African slaves were treated as family members. We will write a custom essay sample on Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their children could not be bought or sold. Many achieved high honors in their communities, and freedom by manumission was not uncommon. Plantation slavery was virtually unknown on the African continent. The impending slave trade brings ruin to West Africa. Entire villages disappear. Guns and alcohol spread across the continent. Tribes turn against other tribes as the once-fabled empires fade into history. The Diaspora of African peoples around the world had begun. Two by two the men and women were forced beneath deck into the bowels of the slave ship. The packing was done as efficiently as possible. The captives lay down on unfinished planking with virtually no room to move or breathe.Some will die of disease, some of starvation, and some simply of despair. This was the fate of millions of West Africans across three and a half centuries of the slave trade on the voyage known as the middle passage. I Slaves were fed twice daily and some captains made vain attempts to clean the hold at this time. Air holes were cut into the deck to allow the slaves breathing air, but these were closed in stormy conditions. The bodies of the dead were simply thrust overboard. Upon reaching the West Indies, the slaves were fed and cleaned in the hopes Of bringing a high price on the block.Those that could not be sold were left for dead. The slaves were then transported to their final destination. It was in this unspeakable manner that between ten and twenty million Africans were introduced to the New World. When immigrants reach a new land, their old ways die hard. This has been the case with most immigrant groups to the New World. The language, customs, values, religious beliefs, and artistic forms they bring across the Atlantic are reshaped by the new realities of America and, in turn, add to its fabric. The rich traditions ofAfrica combined with the British colonial experience created a new ethnicity the African American. Much controversy arises when attempts are made to determine what African traditions have survived in the New World. Hundreds of words, such as banjo and okra are part of American discourse. Song and dance traditions comparable to African custom were commonly seen in the American South. Much of African history is known through oral tradition. Folk tales passed down through the generations on the African continent were similarly dispatched in African American communities.Many devout British colonists saw conversion of slaves to Christianity as a divine duty. Consequently, the Christian religion was widely adopted by slaves. The practice of Christianity by slaves differed from white Christians. The religious beliefs Of many African tribes merged with elements Of Christianity to form voodoo. There were many changes throughout Africa and even America that were caused by slave trade. Today, American students are taught most of the positive effects towards the English, but they dont tell us about the horrible effects slave trade had on Africans.

Preparetion of salt Essay Example

Preparetion of salt Essay Example Preparetion of salt Paper Preparetion of salt Paper 1. INSOLUBLE SALTSSoluble salt 1(aq) + soluble salt 2(aq) insoluble salt + soluble salt (aq)acid 1(aq) acid 2(aq)Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4(g) PbSO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)Pb2+(aq) + SO2-4(aq) PbSO4To prepare a salt, you should firstly thoroughly mix the solution, then you should filter it to remove any precipitate. Next, you should, wash with distilled water and finally leave to dry in the oven.2. SOLUBLE SALTSa. Filtrationi. acid + base salt + waterH2SO4(aq) + CuO(s) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)H2SO4(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l)ii. acid + insoluble metal carbonate salt + water + carbon dioxideH2SO4(aq) + CuCO3(s) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)iii. acid + reaction metal salt + hydrogenH2SO4(aq) + Mg(s) MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)The base or the metal carbonate must be insoluble so that we can remove the excess through the method of filtration. The metals that we can use must react with acids but must not react with water as this would contaminate the salt with metal hydroxide. The metals that we can use are:Mag nesium (Mg)Aluminium (Al)Zinc (Zn)Iron (Fe)We firstly measure approximately 25cm3 of sulphuric acid, by pouring it into a beaker. This only occurs in case i and not in cases ii and iii. Next we heat up the acid until it is virtually boiling. In all cases, we add the solid until it is in excess (more than what will react). This is done so that we can make sure all of the acid reacts. In cases ii and iii, we heat up the beakers to speed up the reactions. To make sure that it is complete we filter the solutions into an evaporating basin.CRYSTALISATIONTo form this process, we boil the solution in the basin in order to concentrate it. We do this until we reach the crystallisation point and that is when it is saturated at that specific temperature. We test this by dipping in a glass rod and then blowing on one end. If a fern like growth of crystals show, it means that we have reached crystallisation point. After doing that, we allow the solution to cool down which produces small crystals. However, we want large crystals. To do this we allow the solution to evaporate at room temperature for about a week, until there are only a few cubic centimetres remaining. These are filtered off because they contain soluble impurities. The crystals are than washed with a little distilled water and dried using filter paper.b. TitrationIf the metal hydroxide or the metal carbonate are soluble, (i.e. alkalis), we cannot remove the excess via the process of filtration. Therefore, we have to react these substances in their correct stoichiometric amounts (i.e. there is no excess of either of them). This is done by a process known as titration.All sodium (Na) and potassium (K) salts have to be prepared by titration as their hydroxides and carbonates are soluble.i. base of soluble metal hydroxide + acid salt + waterNaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)ii. metal carbonate + acid salt + water + carbon dioxideNa2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)Here are some pictures of the equ ipment that we need for this experiment:graduation pointThe pipette is used for measuring out with a fixed volume of solution. We firstly wash it out with the solution that we are going to use. In our case we are using hydrochloric acid.We then pipette 20cm3 of the acid into a conical flask. Then we then add a few drops of universal indicator to the solution.A burette is used for measuring a variable volume of solution. We also (like with the pipette) wash out the burette with alkali, which happens to sodium hydroxide in this case. We firstly fill the burette with the prescribed alkali through a funnel until the alkali reaches 0cm3.The alkali is very caustic. This means it will wear away into wood or anything in its way. The only way to stop this from happening, is to neutralise it by pouring an acid over it.We then titrate the hydrochloric acid solution with the solution from the burette until we reach the equivalence point, (end point).The indicator should abruptly change colour f rom red to a mid-range colour, orange. You should wash out the conical flask with water and repeat to get consistent titres which are within 0.2cm3 of each other. We repeat the whole thing using the same volumes but no indicators so the final colour of the solution is not changed. We then crystallise the solution as normal.Here are some results from this experiment overleaf:ATTEMPTROUGHONETWOFINAL22.3021.0042.10INITIAL-1.200.0021.00TITRE21.1021.0021.10c. EvaporationAnother method of making ammonium nitrate is done when either the acid or the alkali is volatile (evaporates easily). An example of this is for an acid -hydrochloric acid or for an alkali ammonia. In these cases we do not need to use the process of titration to prepare the salt. We can simply add the excess of the one that is volatile and the excess will evaporate when we come to evaporate the solution.NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) NH4NO3(aq)We measure out approximately 20cm3 of nitric acid into an evaporating basin. We then add am monia solution while stirring until in excess. We can check for this by its smell and confirm it is in excess by using red litmus paper which should turn blue. We then crystallise the solution as usual where upon the excess ammonia will evaporate.

Does the Law of Defamation Strike a Fair Balance Between the Essay

Does the Law of Defamation Strike a Fair Balance Between the Protection of Reputation and Freedom of Expression - Essay Example The public naturally looks to the media to provide this information. The law of defamation has a greater impact than any other area of the law, on what and how this information is reported to the public. The law of defamation holds the publisher of information responsible for the accuracy of the information revealed. In the absence of the law of defamation, reputations would be harmed without remedies. However, the law of defamation must be framed so as to allow freedom of expression so that information released to the public has substance.2 It is therefore necessary that fair balance is struck between the protection of reputations and freedom of expression to allow for the free and fair exchange of information necessary in a democratic environment. In the UK, freedom of expression is a fundamental human right and although reputation is not a specific fundamental human right, it is connected to the right to privacy which is a fundamental human right.3 The right to privacy and freedom of expression are both provided for by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and are applicable in the UK by virtue of the Human Rights Act 1988.4 There are tensions between the right to privacy and freedom of expression. ... formation in England and Wales and identifies the extent to which the law of defamation attempts to strike a fair balance between the protection of reputation and freedom of expression. It is argued that while there is a recognized need to strike a fair balance between protection of reputational interests and freedom of expression, the historical preference for protection the reputation prevails although in more recent times there appears to be a shift away from this preference. In this regard, this research study is divided into three main parts. The first part of this paper presents a review of literature in which previous studies on the tensions between the law of defamation emphasizing protection of the reputation and freedom of expression are presented. The second part of this paper will analyse the relevant cases. The third part of his paper will present an analysis of the material discussed in the previous two parts of the paper. II. A Review of Literature In a study conducted by Smet of the ECtHR’s decisions on cases involving protection of the reputation and freedom of expression, it was revealed that momentum has been building in the ECtHR jurisprudence recognizing a conflict between the two rights. In order to resolve this tension the ECtHR has used what has been referred to by Smet as an â€Å"impact criterion†.6 The impact criterion refers to an approach in which the court considers: ...the extent to which both rights would be impaired by allowing the opposing right to take preference. 7 With respect to defamation cases, the ECtHR is particularly appreciative of the important role that the press plays as a conduit for public information at its â€Å"contribution to ensuring the proper functioning of a democracy†.  

Meeting the Challenge of Sustainable Business' - Cork Industry in Term Paper

Meeting the Challenge of Sustainable Business' - Cork Industry in Portugal - Term Paper Example Internationalization strategies vary from company to company. For instance, a company may opt to seek a different strategy after an in depth analysis of the target market and the type the business or the line of products the company deals in. however, for a company that want to survive it has to ensure that its strategy is effective and efficient. This paper tries to analyse the sustainability strategy for Amorim. The Amorim Company focuses on the Cork products business. Its research and design department contributed immensely towards the discovery, examination and implementation of the most appropriate practices in cork oak forest in Portugal. The department further develops in-depth studies into the cultivation of the oak trees that provide cork harvests. In order to ensure sustainability, Amorim fosters strict association with both external and internal research platforms. This strategy aims at guaranteeing the quality of cork oak by-products, as well as the vitality of the forests. Therefore, the company collaborates with institutes associated with forestry and agriculture. The paper analyses the business strategies, PESTEL Analysis and the trends that exhibit the company. Despite not owning a forest, the Amorim Company focuses on the Cork products business. Its research and design department contributed immensely towards the discovery, examination and implementation of the most appropriate practices in cork oak forest in Portugal. The department further develops in-depth studies into the cultivation of the oak trees that provide cork harvests. As a result, the company provides the appropriate mechanisms for diseases and pests control of the oak tree (Aronson, 2009, 5). The West Mediterranean Basin boasts of two point two million hectares of Cork oak forests. Roughly ninety percent of the forest area of the cork oak species can be found in Spain, Portugal, Algeria and Morocco. Farmers in this regions